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Solutions

Water to a stated quality, delivered where the process needs it — specified as a result, not as a list of machines.

Specified by outcome Turnkey Validated where required Recovery-led design

A solution is defined by the number you have to hit — conductivity, TOC, hardness, endotoxin, recovery percentage — and by where that water has to arrive. The equipment follows from the number, in that order, never the reverse.

Three of these are broad categories with their own product pages beneath them. The rest are process-specific systems, each written around one duty on the plant. If you know your target quality but not your equipment, start on this page rather than in Systems.

Solution Categories
3
ultra-pure · industrial · recovery
Process Solutions
3
process · CIP-SIP · ingredient water
Quality Bands Covered
5
potable through UPW
Water Quality Ladder Where each solution lands

Every solution on this page targets a band on this ladder. Reading it upward tells you how much treatment stands between raw water and your specification.

Potable / utility
< 500 ppm TDS · nil turbidity
Site water, washdown, general service.
Softened / process
< 5 ppm hardness
Boiler feed, cooling circuits, process make-up.
De-mineralised
< 20 µS/cm
General DM demand, rinse water, chemical make-up.
Purified water (PW)
≤ 1.3 µS/cm · TOC ≤ 500 ppb
Pharmaceutical PW loops, ingredient water, CIP final rinse.
Ultra-pure (UPW)
18.2 MΩ·cm · TOC in ppb
Semiconductor rinse, microelectronics, analytical use.
Solution Categories Three, with pages beneath

These three carry product pages of their own — the category page sets the specification and the pages beneath it cover each build.

UPW Highest Grade
Ultra-Pure Water Systems
18.2 MΩ·cm · TOC and particle controlled
The top of the ladder — water so pure it is corrosive to the pipe carrying it. Built as a generation plant plus a continuously recirculating loop, because water at this quality cannot be stored still.
Pages in this category
Ultra-pure water systems →
IWT Plant Scale
Industrial Water Treatment
Utility & process water at plant scale
The bulk of what a factory actually consumes — boiler feed, cooling make-up, rinse and process water. Sized around seasonal feed variation and peak shift demand rather than a laboratory specification.
Typical scope
Industrial water treatment →
WWR Reuse
Wastewater Recovery Systems
Recovery-led · up to ZLD
Treats what you were about to discharge and puts it back at the front of the train. Justified on water cost, discharge consent and reject volume &mdash; and increasingly the only route to expanding output on a fixed water allocation.
Typical scope
Wastewater recovery systems →
Process-Specific Solutions One duty each

Written around a single job on the plant rather than a family of equipment. Each pulls the systems it needs from across the four families.

PROC
Process Water Systems
Water that touches the product but is not the product — reaction make-up, rinse, dilution and heat transfer. Specified against what the process cannot tolerate rather than a published standard.
Reaction make-up Rinse water Heat transfer
Process water systems →
CIP
CIP & SIP Systems
Cleaning and sterilising in place, without dismantling the line. Water quality, temperature, chemical concentration and hold time all have to be provable afterwards — which makes this as much an instrumentation problem as a water one.
Final rinse quality Sanitisation Cycle validation
CIP & SIP systems →
ING
Ingredient Water Systems
Water as a declared ingredient, where taste, mineral balance and microbial stability all sit in the finished product. Treated to a recipe, not simply to the lowest achievable TDS.
Mineral balance Taste & odour Shelf stability
Ingredient water systems →
How A Solution Gets Specified Four steps, in order
STEP 01
Water analysis
A full raw-water report, ideally across seasons. Hardness, TDS, silica, iron, organics and microbiology — each one changes a stage.
STEP 02
Target & tolerance
The quality you must hit, and what happens if you miss it briefly. A tolerance band decides whether storage or redundancy is needed.
STEP 03
Volume & profile
Daily volume matters less than peak draw-off. A plant sized on averages starves at shift change.
STEP 04
Scheme & recovery
Stages, sizing, recovery percentage, reject route and utility load — stated before any equipment is priced.
Constraint
The specification comes before the equipment list.

A plant sized from an equipment list rather than a water analysis is the most common reason a train underperforms. Feed chemistry, seasonal variation, peak draw-off and the tolerance of the process downstream all change the answer — and none of them are visible on a machine datasheet.

Next Step
Tell us the number you have to hit, not the machine you think you need.

Give us the target quality, the volume per day and the peak draw-off, and we will return a stage-by-stage scheme with the recovery, the reject and the utility load stated up front.